- ECHO Study website and resources — ECHO is an open-label randomized clinical trial that compared three highly effective, reversible methods of contraception—the progestogen-only injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a progestogen implant called Jadelle and the copper intrauterine device (IUD) — to evaluate whether there is any difference in the risk of HIV acquisition among women using these methods. The study site includes details on the timeline, design and supporting resources for the study.
- For ECHO trial results, analysis, statements and more, please visit our ECHO Trial Results page.
- An updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence on hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition in women - A 2016 systematic review of the observational data on hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV.
- What is up with DMPA and “grades” for family planning? – A two-page document explaining the WHO system for grading the safety of different methods of contraception and its application to DMPA-IM (Depo-Provera).